to  prepare,  have  proved  to  be  enormously  effec- tive.  Chaplains  are  frequently  assigned  this responsibility. A  familygram  is  an  informal  letter  from  the commanding  officer  to  the  families  of  assigned personnel.  Familygrams  are  published  by  ships, squadrons,   and   advanced   bases   when   Navy members  are  separated  from  their  families  for lengthy  periods  of  time.  They  are  written  in  an informal manner, describe operations at sea and ports  of  call,  and  contain  bits  of  news  that  may give dependents or relatives a feeling of knowing what’s  going  on  in  the  fleet. There  is  normally  no  set  time  for  issuing familygrams.  They  can  be  initiated  monthly,  at set  intervals  during  a  deployment,  or  as  cir- cumstances  dictate. AUDIOVISUAL   MEDIA Chaplains may make extensive use of audio- visual   materials   to   present   devotional   and religious  information  to  the  command.  Audio- visual materials used normally include: Graphic  art Still  photography Slides and filmstrips Transparencies Motion   picture/news   film Audiotape Videotape Multimedia Although  most  of  the  audiovisual  materials used  in  the  Command  Religious  Program  are purchased,  or  otherwise  obtained  by  the  com- mand,  some  of  the  audiovisual  (AV)  items requested by the command chaplain will have to be  prepared  locally.  Chaplains  may  also  make use   of   local,   internal   broadcast   media   to disseminate   devotional   and   religious   informa- tion.  These  media  include: Shipboard   Information,   Training,   and Entertainment  Closed  Circuit  Television  (SITE- CCTV)  System. Armed  Forces  Radio  and  Television  Serv- ice  (AFRTS)  Outlets  Overseas Graphic Art Graphic or line art is used to draw attention to  print  and  nonprint  media,  to  emphasize  sub- jects  and  to  keep  readers  or  viewers  interested. The  public  affairs  office  may  have  a  graphic artist   who   can   be   helpful   in   selecting   and developing appropriate line art to be used in the Command  Religious  Program.  Work  requests for   graphic   art   to   be   used   in   devotional, religious,   or   publicity   materials   for   the   Com- mand  Religious  Program  should  be  submitted on  an  audiovisual  activity  job  order. Some  important  points  to  remember  in  the use of graphic art are: SIMPLICITY—keep  to  essentials—if  it cannot  be  verbally  explained,  don’t  show  it; avoid clutter—take one element at a time. CLARITY—Make  the  visual  pertinent  to the  subject;  if  the  visual  is  not  recognizable,  do not use it; do not show a visual for its own sake, no  matter  how  good  it  is. NEATNESS—Be   neat!   Many   good visuals  lose  their  effectiveness  because  of  a sloppy  appearance.  Neatness  contributes  to  the clarity of a visual. Photography The  command  chaplain  may  request  that photographs  for  use  with  devotional,  religious, or  publicity  material  be  taken  by  a  Navy  or Marine  Corps  photographer  or  photojournalist. Before  submitting  an  audiovisual  work  request, the  RP  should  determine  exactly  what  type of  photograph  or  picture  story  will  be  most  ef- fective   for   the   purpose   intended.   Planning   is 6-19